Argumentative writing

One type of argumentative essay is that which gives advantages and disadvantages (For and Against). It is a formal piece of writing in which a topic is considered from opposing points of view.

Структура:

* Paragraph 1. An introductory paragraph in which you state the topic. This means that you talk generally about the topic without giving your opinion;

Ú Useful phrases to introduce points: one major advantage/disadvantage of, a further advantage, one point of view in favour of/against

% Note 1: In this type of essay writing, you must not include opinion words (I believe, I think, etc.) in the introduction or the main body. Opinion words can only be used in the final paragraph, where you may state your opinion on the topic.

The first paragraph may:

? make reference to a strange scene or situation, e.g. Some scientists believe that in the future everyone will be genetically perfect.

? address the reader directly, e.g. Are you aware of any characteristics which you may have inherited from your parents? 
? or ask a rhetorical question (question to which no answer is expected), e.g. Isn’t it amazing how some children look so much like their parents?

start with a quotation, e.g. “Genetics holds the key to the future"

* Paragraphs 2-4. A main body in which the points for and the points against, along with your justification, appear in two separate paragraphs;

% Note 2: In paragraph 2  give the  points which are opposite to yours.  In paragraphs 3-4  give  the points of view which  you support. All the points should be supported by a justification or illustration.

Do the  exercises  in order to understand it better. 
1. For and against
2. Quotations

Ú To list points: in the first place, first of all, to start with, secondly, thirdly, finally, last but not least

Ú To add more points to the same topic: what is more, furthermore, also, in addition to this/that, besides, apart from this/that, not to mention the fact that 

Ú To make contrasting points: on the other hand, however, in spite of, while, nevertheless, despite, even though, although, it can be argued that 
Ú To introduce examples: for example, for instance, like, especially, such as, in particular

* Paragraph 5. A closing paragraph in which you give either your opinion or a balanced consideration of the topic.

Ú To conclude: to sum up, all in all, all things considered, in conclusion, on the whole, taking everything into account, as was previously stated.

The last paragraph may:

? state a personal opinion, e.g. In my opinion, I believe, In my view, It seems to me, The way I see it, I think, etc.

? give the reader something to consider, e.g. Perhaps the world would be a safer and more efficient place if everyone was genetically perfect. 

? end with a quotation, e.g. “Genetics holds the key to the future", 

? or a rhetorical question, e.g. What will they think of next?

A proper "For and Against  Essay"

An improper "For and Against  Essay"

Task 1. 

Your teacher has asked you to write a composition giving arguments for and against owning a mobile phone.

Task 2.

You have been asked to write a composition on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the country.